Author: Foothill Montessori

“Follow the child” – as Dr. Montessori asserted, the Montessori teacher focuses on the whole child and not on the daily lesson plan. Dr. Montessori wanted to create a clear distinction between the role of the Montessori teacher and that of a traditional teacher. She coined the new title “director” or “directress” for the adults in her classrooms and as the name implies their role is that of a director of activities. Nowadays the term “guide” is more commonly used. The Montessori classroom is a student-centered environment rather than teacher-centered. The teacher is rarely the center of attention. She spends the majority of her time in individual or small group activity or observing the progress of the students.

The Montessori guide:

• tailors lessons and activities to suit the student’s learning style and abilities.
• prepares the classroom environment to promote autonomy amongst the students.
• maintains an investigation and discovery approach when presenting topics rather than giving facts and figures.
• is trained to assess knowledge and achievement through observation of the student.

Elementary Montessori programs emphasize active learning rather than passive reception of information.

• The elementary Montessori curriculum builds upon the student’s early childhood experience. The Montessori materials continue to play an important role as the student transitions from the concrete to the abstract.
• Lessons involve exploration and hands-on experiences. The student in the elementary classroom learns by doing hence the classroom is rich in materials, resources, movement and conversation.
• The curriculum is individualized. The needs, ability, interests and skills of each student are taken into consideration when lessons are planned and knowledge assessed. The Montessori student will receive extra help or direction on areas where she needs it and move rapidly through other areas where she excels.
• The elementary program teaches the student how to think clearly, how to research, how to express herself in writing and speech.
• The program fosters independent work as well as group effort.
• The multi-age classroom creates an atmosphere of non-competition making it possible for the student to work at her own pace, unrestricted by traditional grade standards.
• The program supports a variety of learning styles.
• Elementary Montessori education integrates all the different areas of study rather than compartmentalizing them.

Students learn best within an environment prepared to nurture and enhance each student’s unique development.

• Multi-Age Groupings – Elementary Montessori classrooms are comprised of multi-age groupings. This is the practice of teaching students of different ages and abilities together without organizing either the curriculum or the classroom by age or grade designations. The students remain in the same classroom, with the same instructors, for several years.
• Classroom Areas – The elementary Montessori classroom is divided into distinct curriculum areas: Science, Geography, History, Art, Math and Language. Many of these subjects are then organized into separate skill areas. There is a large floor area for spreading out work and gathering in for community meetings and lessons. There are tables for individual and group activities. The students have notebooks for recording their work and folders to store ongoing projects. Group supplies are located in a central area. A message board displays the day’s schedule as well as reminders and announcements. A wide variety of plants and animals are located throughout the classroom. Arrangements of cut flowers often decorate the tables and music is almost always playing in the background. Replicas of artists’ work adorn the walls. Cleaning materials are accessible to the students since they are custodians of their classroom. A library is located nearby and available for the students to visit in order to support their research and interests.
• Materials – The wealth of materials in each area allows the students to follow their own interests. Materials are arranged so as to allow sequential progress in skills. Usually there is only one example of each material to encourage turn taking and patience. Materials and their activities vary from individual work to partner work to group activities. The materials are aesthetically pleasing with a great many being teacher-made. Many of the materials employ an internal control of error so as to encourage self-monitoring and foster independence in the elementary student.

The elementary Montessori program and curriculum is structured around the very specific needs and characteristics of students between the ages of six and twelve years.

• Reason & Imagination – The inquisitive nature of the elementary student provides the fuel for the research and exploration focus of elementary Montessori. The elementary student wants to know the “why?” and “how?” The six- to twelve-year-old is able to use both reason and imagination to explore and understand increasingly abstract concepts.
• Exploring Society – While the early childhood student was primarily focused on the construction of the individual, the elementary student begins to explore his place in society. Opportunities continuously present themselves for the student to observe or participate, moments in which to lead or follow.
• A Need for Togetherness – This is the age of clubs and groups. The elementary student explores friendship and cooperation; he learns how to be a leader, a partner and a follower. While collaboration is encouraged, individual contribution and strength is also valued.
• Exploring Right and Wrong – The six- to twelve-year-old student is actively developing his moral conscience; “That’s not fair!” is heard over and over again in the elementary classroom. Every student may know the rules but keeping them is another matter. Problem solving techniques are modeled and fostered in the Montessori program. Community brainstorming for solutions and rules helps form the elementary Montessori classroom’s code of conduct.
• Freedom & Discipline – Independence and inner discipline continue to develop in the elementary years. The six- to twelve-year-old student is capable of increasingly complex and numerous responsibilities and needs opportunities to exercise judgment and demonstrate self-conduct. Everything from classroom management to the student’s work stems from the student’s freedom to choose and think. Mistakes and failures are viewed as learning opportunities.

The United States has approximately 50 million Spanish speakers.  The Western United States including Utah have the highest percentage of Spanish speakers.  Demographic and economic trends, including greater purchasing power among Latinos and Spanish speakers and interconnectedness in the Americas from Canada to Chile, suggest Spanish will grow even more important throughout the century. Additional reasons for learning languages including better access to other cultures and communication possibilities.

• The dual language program offers your child the chance to develop communication ability in Spanish and English. This could be difficult at first, but being bilingual may enhance your child’s potential opportunities (jobs, culture, etc).
• Acquisition of language by children has been studied widely. Children have advantages over adults in language learning. Natural curiosity and a willingness to make mistakes help the child. Adults often hesitate when speaking another language for fear of erroneous pronunciation or grammar. Children, especially young children, tend not to have that fear.
• Children easily pick up and model accents. Few adults who learn other languages pick up the correct accents. Many children do to the point at which they pronounce as well as a native speaker. Of course, those children generally start to learn the language before their teens with the help of native speakers.

Every child that is enrolled in the Dual Program goes through the same process of learning. Children who hear other languages spoken at home tend to learn languages faster.  Some ideas for home are:

• Interact with your child.
• Learn about dual language education.
• Encourage your child to speak the second language.
• Give your child the benefit of the doubt.
• Do not ask your child to translate. This requires advanced skills that could frustrate your child.
• Try to avoid comparing your child’s progress to that of other children. Rates of progress differ.
• Be willing to participate in opportunities to expose your child to Spanish and culture(s)outside school.
• Praise your child for his or her progress.

In the dual language class, children are encouraged to evenly divide their time between Montessori works in English and Spanish. One teacher speaks and presents lessons to the children in English while the other speaks and presents lessons in Spanish. Teachers generally speak their native language though the Spanish teachers are bilingual in case a child needs assistance in English. With time, every child in the class will learn Spanish. Children in the classroom have the opportunity to learn how to communicate in both languages. They will experience speaking, listening, reading and writing. Reading and speaking in both languages is necessary to become bilingual, bi-literate and bicultural.